My Experience With Mental Illness - 1735 Words

Growing up, I experienced a wide variety of mental illnesses within my family. In my younger years, I always wondered why my family had so many issues different from most families (or so I thought). As I have gotten older, had my own experiences, had friends with mental illnesses and learned more about the brain in my General Psychology class; it actually began to amaze me more people do not experience mental illness because of how complex the brain is. I attribute my curiosity in Psychology to my own experiences with mental illness and with the experience of my family members and friends. Initially, my mother told me about my great-grandmother (Alta). Alta experienced paranoid-schizophrenia and often struggled to take her medications.†¦show more content†¦Secondly, my father’s cousin Tim struggled with depression and eventually took a shotgun to his head in his parent’s basement after calling his loved ones to say â€Å"goodbye.† My father’s sister, Laura, battled anorexia-nervosa during high school and was eventually hospitalized. Lastly, three years ago on thanksgiving, my former soccer teammate and neighbor, Kelsey, overdosed on heroin in her basement. Later on it came out that she had experienced a personality disorder. To this day, I have no idea which personality disorder she had, but most rumors said it was multi-personality disorder. After Kelsey passed away, my interest in mental disorder and personality disorders grew. With that being said, I was thrilled to be assigned the reading of Kay Redfield Jamison’s experie nce with manic-depressive in her book An Unquiet Mind. Kay Redfield Jamison’s prologue opens with Jamison not wanting to hide her manic-depressive illness anymore and taking ownership in her experiences and making them a beautiful part of her life. I think this is courageous and hope that more and more people follow in her footsteps. I feel with more people talking about their mental illness, the stigma against them would have to deteriorate. After reading the prologue, she reorganizes and begins telling her story in chronological order. For example, she takes us through her childhood and what it was like living in military bases and having a pilot for a

ANNIH Free Essays

The key idea of the annihilator method is to replace the problem of solving a non-homogeneous equation with the problem of solving a higher order homogeneous equation. The method is discussed in Section 2. 11 of Cottonwood’s book. We will write a custom essay sample on ANNIH or any similar topic only for you Order Now The more popular alternate approach is discussed in sections 5. 4-5. 5 of Trench’s book. So we begin with a brief discussion of higher order linear homogeneous equations with constant coefficients. This is done in Section 2. 7 of Codington, as well as section 9. 2 of Trench, in more depth and greater detail. Such depth is not necessary for our purposes. So consider an equation of the form y (n) + an-I y+ahoy=O. Based on our experience with second order equations, we would naturally try solution of the form y = erg . If you go through the motions of differentiating and substituting into the equation you will get where urn + an-I urn-l + . +air+AAA, which is as before called the characteristic polynomial. The difficulty is that now if n 2, the polynomial is of higher degree than before and such polynomials are hard to factor and find roots. We do not have available the quadratic formula. There are cubic formulas and quarter formulas that are known and used to appear in books, but they are rarely taught any more and no such formulas are available for polynomials of degree 5 or higher. So in practice it can be very hard to find the roots of the characteristic polynomial. Nevertheless, we can at least imagine factoring the polynomial and finding the roots. In general there would be a number of linear and irreducible quadratic factors. The quadratic factors might lead to complex roots. Any of these factors might be repeated and we would then get roots that appeared more than once. Suppose there were k distinct real roots RL , re , ; ark . For each such root, we would have a solution of the form yes = erg x . Then there might be several pairs of roots of the form a Ð’Â ± I;. These would give us pairs of real solutions of the form ex. coos(;x), ex. sin(;x). We saw in Chapter 3 that if a root occurred twice, we got an additional solution of the form Xerox . This still happens but more is true. Let me just make an authoritative statement, which I will make some explanatory comments about later. If a real root rig occurs times, then each of the functions XML erg x , for m = O, 1, ; ; , -? 1, is a solution. Similarly, if the pair a Ð’Â ± I; occurs times, then each 1 of the pairs of functions XML ex. coos(;x), XML ex. sin(;x), for m = O, 1, are solutions. Thus we can write down n solutions of the differential equation. For example, suppose in a problem we ended up with the factored characteristic polynomial p(r) = re (r – 2)3 (re + or + 3)2 . Then v’ the root RL O occurs 4 times, the root re 2 occurs 3 times, and the pair of roots -?1 Ð’Â ± ii occurs 2 times. Thus we get as solutions 1, x, xx , xx , ex. , sex , xx ex. , e-x cost xx), e-x sin( xx), exe-x coos( xx), exe-x sin( xx), giving 11 solutions in all. (Do you see how the first 4 of these solutions come from the root RL = O? ) Note that p(r) has degree 11 so the initial differential equation would have been of order 1 1 . Since the equation was assumed linear, the linearity properties would guarantee we could multiply each of these 1 1 solutions by an arbitrary constant and add to get many solutions of the original problem. We will see below that in all cases that occur, the polynomials will actually be easy to factor and we will not have any reason to be disheartened. With this preparation, we pass to a discussion of the annihilator method for constant coefficient linear differential equations. In order for the method to work, the equation to be solved must be of the form L(y) = f (x), where 1. L is linear with constant coefficients. . The non-homogeneous term f (x) is a solution Of a homogeneous differential equation M (y) = O, where M is linear with constant coefficients. So the basic idea is to do something to both sides of the given inhomogeneous differential equation so that the result is a homogeneous differential equation and we can do ha ewe already know how to do. Here is a motivational example: If we differentiate this equation twice, we get Clearly any solution of (1 ) is a solution of (2) (differentiating both sides of any true equation gives a true equation), but not conversely (two functions which fifer by a constant still have the same derivative). Thus the general solution of (2) will contain all solutions of (1), together with many extraneous solutions. How to cite ANNIH, Papers

Efficiency of Public Policy-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Are good-intentioned Public Policies always efficient? Please provide One Positive Case and One Negative Case for your analysis. Answer: Public policy is the process through which the government ensures order in implementing the needs of its people as stipulated in the constitution (Dror, 2017). It is a collation of rules and regulations as well as obligations developed through a political procedure. For instance in United States of America, of late, there has been a healthcare bill that requires the citizens to have health care insurance. After numerous consultations and examination the federal government has summarized that that is the best route to take as far as the concerns of the citizens are concerned therefore embarking on drafting the bills and making of legislations to develop systems for the citizens to obtain health attention. Public policy is divided into various types as it regards the society e.g. health policy and legal policy (Vedung, 2017). This essay is going to focus on the efficiency of public policy bearing two cases, that is, negative case analysis and positive case analysis. The analysis is as herein discussed below; Firstly, the government of Australia has numerous policies for environmental sustainability to curtail impact on the environment. The issues entailed in the environmental management policy include; use of energy, emission green gas, office and building wastes and waste water. In the recent past, the government of Australia partnering with other states governments has taken on determined investigation in Natural Resource Management policy with the aim of establishing agendas that can use public funds to the best impact thereby achieving positive NRM results. In the year 2013, billions of public money was spent by the government of Australia to address the concerns of countrywide NRM. The spending of billions on the NRM the government has been internationally recognized as high level spending thereby attracting praises for an achievement as well as strong criticism for such a failure (Whetton, Ekstrm, Gerbing, Grose, Bhend, Webb Risbey, 2015). Therefore, there is great need to justify the efficiency and the rationale of this policy as regards its capacity building and a more sustaining wider funding through influencing investment support from the community, private investors and the non-governmental organizations. The rolling out of this policy has seen many Australians change their expectations toward agriculture that has socio-economic and environmental responsibility. The Australian Strategy for Conservation policy was as a response to the natural resource management. The program has influenced and changed the community beliefs on agriculture (Boulton, Brock, Robson, Ryder, Chambers Davis, 2014). The NRM was reflected the basic change in expectation of the society that has environmental a d economic responsibility. There are political and social forces underlying the changes thereby reducing importance attached to agriculture in the economy of Australia contrary to knowledge that agriculture forms about sixty percent of the total land resource in Australia. Some serious views have been advanced to question the contractedness of this natural resource management program by the Australian government. The NRM has reshaped the natural environment from the concept of integrated ecosystem to that of utility concept with petty issues of soil salinity and erosion thereby raising questions on the impacts of underestimating the natural assets in regard to h omegrown health and wellbeing in Australia (Schmoldt, Kanga, Mendoza Pesonen, 2013). Overly, the substantial attention has been paid on the governments plans to shape the NRM program and its legitimacy thereof. Billion dollars from the public coffers have been used to that effect with a number of questions regarding its roles, responsibilities and accountability across ranks and authorities remaining unresolved. Also despite acceptance and roll out of the NRM program some serious allegations have meted against the importance of the natural resource management program on its ability to enhance community empowerment, decision making pegged on democracy and conflict resolution (Tietenberg Lewis, 2016). Different views have been highlighted on the efficiency and effectiveness of the NRM policy with the following issues standing out clearly; power, responsibility and role- the roles and powers regarding the spending of public funds to deliver the NRM program through devolution. The details concerning the planning process of marking out the goals and objectives of the program, information for communication, implementation strategies and accountability measures have been widely protested. For instance suspicion on the function of devolved governments in setting priorities for NRM and supporting ability in terms of incentives by the government have not been understood. Accounting and investment mechanisms by the government have found wanting. NRM planning process. Particular issues have been pointed out concerning the planning process so that NRM plans are made with informed science as well as socio-economic data, planning within the boundaries of environmental challenges by identificat ion of overt resources. Collaboration and coordination. This is another reason that has been advanced to ensure improved cooperation among various governments and communities in the planning process including establishing structures for cooperation that is all inclusive for shareholders and interested communities. Finally, matters of capacity and engagement of the community. The function of the community in decision making in the NRM program is key and the capability of the regional administrations in bringing the community on board is as well important. For instance managing the involvement of the community in an indeterminate funding rotations (HC Coombs Policy Forum NRM Initiative, 2016). Secondly, the case of Income Management policy in Australia is a good example to use. In this scenario, the economic stability of the disadvantaged members of the society is catered for by the scheme. Economically, these people are empowered in in one way or another since their expenditure on income is greatly controlled by the Cashless Card to their advantage, an income that would have otherwise been squandered in drugs, pornography and gambling. The government finds it easy to ensure that the children are protected and enrolled in school. Issues of financial harassment among the people on whom compulsory BasicCard has been imposed has also reduced a great deal. This policy is efficient and has positive outcomes as far as reason for which it was made is concerned. It has assured child protection and reduction in social issues like drunkardness and irresponsibility that possibly hurt the economy of the indigenous individuals and by extension the Australian economy (Lee, 2015). In governments view income management is instrumental in assisting the disengaged youths, long-lasting welfare program recipients and the vulnerable members of the society, and is targeted toward enhancing commitment, involvement and accountability. Through this the government is determined to progressively improve the welfare scheme so as to enhance individual responsibility and enable them to move upwards economically and out of welfare program reliance. Therefore, through this food, clothing, housing, health care and home utilities assured. Income Management is a situation whereby rules and regulations are put in place to limit the expenditure of particular set of people from their income payments. Certain amount is set aside to meet costs of basic human needs like housing, health care, food and education. The forceful introduction of Income Management was done by the government of Howard in the year 2007 as an emergency response. During this time, schemes for income management were established to assist in circumstances of parents abandoning children and also when the children from such families were not enrolled in school. Provisions were also made for other people who wanted voluntary management of their funds from income. Management of income has greatly reformed the welfare structure of the Australian people. Conditions for being in the welfare has been established with the restrictions as regards the expenditure from the payments. A right has been given for full payment to any qualifying government of Commonwealth and thus means that the recipients are allowed to spend from the payment as the may deem fit. In certain occasions the government would give assistance in form of physical materials rather than cash. Nevertheless, this has been criticized by researchers of Social Policy like Ronald Mendelsohn recounting it as an intrusion into the peoples (the recipients) privacy (Maxwell, 2015.). The commencement of income management by the government of Howard were among the first reforms to change the behavior of the welfare beneficiaries to help change the attitude toward the social disadvantages by forcing sanctions to the welfare so as to modify the recipients social customs and behavior. The policy of income management has been argumentative and argued upon by the adherents of the public while its canons have not been understood by the indigenous people of Australia and the leaders thereof( Parliament of Australia,2013). The income management policy was advanced by the federation government of Howard as a reaction to emergency for some particular areas of the Northern Territory all-encompassing more than 72 remote societies and the associated outskirts. These areas were well-defined by alcohol, drug abuse and child neglect as well as other forms of public irresponsibility. So the government had to answer back and rescue the horrid state of those communities. Recommendations were, therefore, made to ensure that at least half an individuals earning was to be made in form of foodstuff vouchers. This was widely alleged that it could imperatively impact on prohibited drug abuse and alcohol use. On the same breath, payment in form of foodstuff receipt was complained as it foreshadowed superfluous reliance from the people. The forceful management of income was to be imposed on those who had eerie manners in the society. Therefore, to renovate the societal norms, regulations must lean on the values of the community by coupling welfare incomes to the members of the society and in the childrens interest as a composition of the community (Bolton, Brock, Robson, Ryder, Chambers Davis, 2014). The government then hosted an act that would reduce the pay by half by separating the Australian government income payments with the across-the-board objective of curtailing cash spent on drug abuse and those that are set aside for the sake of children and are actually spent for that purpose (Agrawal, 2014). This is so because it was viewed that a child under the care of a person who is not registered in welfare payment program would risk neglect and fail to go school (Bielefeld, 2014). The measures have been supported by some people who view it as important in helping those who are disadvantaged socially while some other people disapprove the procedures on the grounds that it is simply focused on the indigenous group, pillorying them and denying the right to self-determination of how to spend their money. Therefore, this policy have had positive impact on the indigenous Australian people regarding its strengths (Dee, 2013). In conclusion, public policy as a collation of rules and regulations used to man a particular society, it is frequently rocked by controversies and relentlessly debated upon by people it is used to man. According to each persons view, public policy may appear to be unfair and arbitrary in its operations. Among the marginal groups in the society, it is always common for the individuals to contest public policies that they feel are stringent on them or ostracize them in one way or another. For instance, public policies touching reproductive rights of females, equality or marriage have always been criticized simply because it has been accepted as true that it does not embody all the people or give advantage to some group over another. Since public policies are brought to play so as to meet or unravel the societal needs, they are therefore, not grilled on stone but are liable to change depending on the societal changes or needs (DiNitto Johnson, 2015). In light of all the challenges and remonstrations faced by public policy, they are healthy to make a public policy live without the danger of being useless or even outdated. The Natural Resource Management policy and the Income Management policy by the Australian government are important public policies that can go a long way solving environmental and economic challenges respectively. However, their efficiency and effectiveness depends on their structures and how inclusive they are of the members of the society in which they operate. References Agrawal, A. (2014). Indigenous and scientific knowledge: some critical comments. Anthropology Indonesia. Bergstrom, J.C. and Randall, A., (2016). Resource economics: an economic approach to natural resource and environmental policy. Edward Elgar Publishing. Bielefeld, S., (2014). Compulsory Income Management and Indigenous Peoples-Exploring Counter Narratives amidst Colonial Constructions of Vulnerability. Sydney L. Rev., 36, p.695. Boulton, A., Brock, M., Robson, B., Ryder, D., Chambers, J. Davis, J., (2014). Australian freshwater ecology: processes and management. John Wiley Sons. Boulton, A., Brock, M., Robson, B., Ryder, D., Chambers, J. Davis, J., (2014). 'We don't support this cashless welfare card'. Guardian (Sydney), (1794), p.3. Dee, M., (2013). Welfare surveillance, income management and new paternalism in Australia. Surveillance Society, 11(3), p.272. DiNitto, D.M. Johnson, D.H., (2015). Social welfare: Politics and public policy. Pearson.Dror, Y., 2017. Public policy making reexamined. Routledge. Forgione, P., (2016). Cashless welfare trial begins in Ceduna. Green Left Weekly, (1087), p.10. HC Coombs Policy Forum NRM Initiative, 2016. https://devpolicy.crawford.anu.edu.au/public_policy_community/research/nrm/NRM_Ref _Gro up_Literature_review.pdf Lee, T.J., (2015). Benefits and disadvantages of cashless gambling for recreational gamblers: A case of Australia. , 78(4), pp.405-405. Madigan, M., (2017). Cashless cards and other salvos in the war on the poor. Eureka Street, 27(11), p.43. Maxwell, R., (2015). Concern over welfare card. Guardian (Sydney), (1670), p.3. Parliament of Australia,2013. https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library /pubs/BN/2011-2012/IncomeManagementOverview Schmoldt, D., Kangas, J., Mendoza, G.A. Pesonen, M. eds., (2013). The analytic hierarchy process in natural resource and environmental decision making (Vol. 3). Springer Science Business Media. Sommer, M., Caruso, B.A., Sahin, M., Calderon, T., Cavill, S., Mahon, T. and Phillips-Howard, P.A., (2016). A time for global action: addressing girls menstrual hygiene management needs in schools. PLoS medicine, 13(2), p.e1001962. Tietenberg, T.H. Lewis, L., (2016). Environmental and natural resource economics. Routledge. Vedung, E., (2017). Public policy and program evaluation. Routledge. Whetton, P., Ekstrm, M., Gerbing, C., Grose, M., Bhend, J., Webb, L. Risbey, J., (2015). Climate change in Australia. Information for Australias natural resource management regions: technical report.

The Faber Book of Beasts Essay Example

The Faber Book of Beasts Essay Analysing poetry is not an easy task; poetry is a complex and complicated subject. To begging with, we have to consider that these two writers worked in different time period. Thom Gunn worked through the 20th century while Thomas Flatman was a writer from the 17th century. The way they write is different, by analysing both poems we can see that Thom Gunn uses a free verses and little rhyming The Girls wake, stretch, and pad up to the door. / They rub my leg and purr (Muldoon, 1997, p. 5). On the other hand, the use of rhymes is clear in Flatmans poem, Only cats when they fall / From a house or a Wall (Muldoon, 1997, pp. 5-6), according to the evidence provided is possible to say that Thomas Flatman is using rhyming couplets, where it usually consists of two lines that rhyme and have the same meter. Gunn uses a freer usage of structure in his poem, but his lineation is essential to the flow of the verse. This is clear in the opening line of Apartment Cats, and pad up to the door (Muldoon, 1997, p. 5) it plays a monosyllabic mimicking of the cats paws. We will write a custom essay sample on The Faber Book of Beasts specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Faber Book of Beasts specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Faber Book of Beasts specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Gunns poem consist of longer lines with ten syllables and shorter lines with five syllables, where in Flatmans poem most of the lines are made of eleven syllables. Gunns poem Apartment Cats is composed with shorter lines comparing with Flatmans An Appeal to Cats in the Business of Love. Even comparing the titles of these two poems, we get to the conclusion that Flatmans title is more related to anthropomorphist, in the way he uses the words Cats in the Business of Love, it made me wonder at first, if he was really writing about cats? But after I read his poem, where he mentioned the old Lady Grimalkin, and the way she came alive in his poem with the line Puss! Puss! Last no long, but turn to Cat-whore! (Muldoon, 1997, pp. 5-6). I can therefore, confirm that he was writing about cats. In both poems the cats have been subtly personified, where in my own opinion we can say that Thom Gunns poem Apartment Cats is an anthropomorphist poem, in this case he describe the cats with a human attitude She abruptly rises, knowing well / How to stalk off in wise indifference (Muldoon, 1997, p. ), in these lines he contrasted the liberty by humans, and the freedom of choice. In Thomas Flatman poem An Appeal to Cats in the Business of Love, he gives us the sense that he is comparing cats with humans, in a sexual way. Both poets sexualize the cats, we can see in Gunns poem which is highly charged with sexual imagery, when he mentioned their eyes get wild, their bodies tense'(Muldoon, 1997, p. ) giving us the sense that two people, in this case the Girls from his opening line are sexual attracted to each other. As we know Gunn wrote apartment Cats in the 1970s, where his verses were associated with drugs, homosexuality and sex. In Flatmans poem is clearer the way he sexualizes the cats Man ride many miles, Cats tread many tiles (Muldoon, 1997,pp. 5-6), it suggests that cats have sex only for the pleasure of having sex, therefor we can see the clearly comparison with human beings.

zora neal hurston essays

zora neal hurston essays In her 1928 essay, How It Feels to be Colored Me, Zora Neale Hurston meticulously understates the hardships of being black. Among many occupations held by Hurston, she was that of an anthropologist who studied the origin, behavior, social, and cultural development of humans. Hurston was not justifying the stereotypes of being Colored. Throughout How It Feels to be Colored Me she provides opportunities to use being Black as a method of empowerment as opposed to an aspect of tragedy. Hurston illustrates how she used whites for entertainment just as they did her; she points out the power and beauty of womanhood outside of race, and later states the controversial theory that slavery was the price paid for civilization. During a time when Blacks would hardly approach white people, Hurston found it most amusing to not only entertain them but to be a recipient as well. Hurston was immerged in a Negro community so white tourists were quickly noticed when traveling. Rather than cautiously watching them from a distance, as the majority did, Hurston delighted herself in being the head of the welcoming committee. She would wave, salute, sing and dance around on her front porch, which she refers to as her gallery seat, until she engaged the tourist in play. She found them intriguing, and her performances intrigued them. They were intrigued in several ways to the less than thirteen year old. These white tourists enjoyed, even rewarded Hurston for her joyful tendencies. While the Negro community condemned her for her outgoing antics, white tourists would give her silver for her performance. The white tourists may have used Hurston for their entertainment. To watch a young, vibrant, outgoing Black c hild prance around, singing, dancing, and surveying them could tend to be amusing. In retrospect, Hurston must have felt quite excited holding the center of the national stage, with s...

Lesson Plan Writing Tips for Teachers

Lesson Plan Writing Tips for Teachers Lesson plans help classroom teachers to organize their objectives and methodologies in an easy to read format. Difficulty: AverageTime Required: 30-60 minutes Heres How to Write a Lesson Plan Find a lesson plan format that you like. Try the Blank 8-Step Lesson Plan Template below, for starters. You may also want to look at lesson plan formats for language arts, reading lessons, and mini-lessons.Save a blank copy on your computer as a template. You may want to highlight the text, copy, and paste it onto a blank word processing app page instead of saving a blank copy.Fill in the blanks of your lesson plan template. If you are using the 8-Step Template, use these step-by-step instructions as a guide for your writing.Label your learning objective as cognitive, affective, psychomotor, or any combination of these.Designate an approximate length of time for each step of the lesson.List the materials and equipment needed for the lesson. Make notes about those that need to be reserved, purchased, or created.Attach a copy of any handouts or worksheets. Then you will have everything together for the lesson. Tips for Writing Lesson Plans A variety of lesson plan templates can be found in your education classes, from colleagues, or on the Internet. This is a case where it isnt cheating to use somebody elses work. Youll be doing plenty to make it your own.Remember that lesson plans come in a variety of formats; just find one that works for you and use it consistently. You may find through the course of a year that you have one or more that fits your style and the needs of your classroom.You should aim for your lesson plan to be less than one page long. What You Need: Lesson Plan TemplateWell-Defined Learning Objectives: this is a key element, everything else flows from the objectives. Your objectives need to be stated in terms of the student. They have to be something that can be observed and measured. You have to list specific criteria for what is an acceptable outcome. They cant be too long or overly complicated. Keep it simple.Materials and Equipment: You will need to ensure that these are going to be available for your class when the lesson is being taught. If you are too ambitious and require items that your school doesnt have, you will need to rethink your lesson plan. Blank8-Step Lesson Plan Template This template has eight basic parts that you should address. These are Objectives and Goals, Anticipatory Set, Direct Instruction, Guided Practice, Closure, Independent Practice, Required Materials and Equipment, and Assessment and Follow-Up.   Lesson Plan Your NameDateGrade Level:Subject: Objectives and Goals:   Ã‚  Ã‚   Anticipatory Set (approximate time):   Ã‚  Ã‚   Direct Instruction (approximate time):   Ã‚  Ã‚   Guided Practice (approximate time):   Ã‚  Ã‚   Closure (approximate time):   Ã‚  Ã‚   Independent Practice: (approximate time)   Ã‚  Ã‚   Required Materials and Equipment: (set-up time)   Ã‚  Ã‚   Assessment and Follow-Up: (approximate time)

Country Boys Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Country Boys - Movie Review Example Cody and Chris also studies in the same school called David School. The film progresses as the two teenage boys enter the same school, David school, which is an alternative school for troubled teens. Here, the two boys adapts differently to their new environment. Cody finds a new sense of purpose by living with a supportive grandmother, having a good relationship with his girlfriend and girlfriend's family, joining a metal band and committing himself to God. All these aspects have made him forget his tragic past and find a renewed purpose in life. Chris on the other hand did not have a solid support system as Cody's. He had to battle with an alcoholic father who doesn't support his passion to go to school and he also had to work to alleviate their poverty. In the end of the film, Cody was able to graduate valedictorian in their senior class giving him a bright future ahead while Chris was not able to graduate and ended up working in a low paying job without knowing what the future will bring him. This film is about the attachment of an individual to his society and his need to belong in order to live happily. Emile Durkheim talks about mechanical social solidarity of the community where people have a set of norms and rituals which makes them solid. They are moved by their collective conscience leaving the individual not to think about his own desires but the needs of his community. Organic solidarity on the other hand is a by-product of the division of labor. A society becomes complex due to the increase of the dynamic density. When a society becomes complex, the individuals play more specialized roles. Because of this, they start to have different experiences which affect their norms and values which weakens their sense of community. Cody and Chris lived in a mechanically solid society which had its own norms and set of rules and as teenagers; they had to abide by to the collective conscience of their society. In such a homogenized community, there is not much room for individualism nor autonomy; a person identifies himself with everyone else. Despite Cody and Chris' dysfunctional background, they are able to internalize and adhere to the rules through socialization and education which is according to Durkheim a social fact. They become morally obliged to obey social rules. In the course of the film, Cody's life becomes very different from Chris'. Cody establishes more attachment to society because of his healthy relationships with his grandma and girl friend. Also by attending church, he does not only strengthens his fate but also reinforces his ties with the community. Religion, according to Durkheim is really a social creation. By worshipping God, the people actually worships the collective over them that transcend over individual existence which makes it sacred. Cody's outlook in life has become positive as he feels his belongingness in the society. On the other hand, Chris becomes detached to the community. Because of having egoists who only thinks about themselves, they pass on to their child their negative outlook and the lack of need to bond with the community. Chris has no moral guidance from his parents and thus his social values loosen and he becomes undisciplined which leads to anomie. According to Durkehim, if an individual lacks any sense of social restraint, he will seek to satisfy his own appetite and will not consider the possible

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Financial Management - Essay Example The deal was not an easy one for Google considering that the company had to put in a lot of effort for obtaining the regulatory approvals for the same (Reuters, 2012). The deal was announced at $40 per share which added up to a total of $12.5 Billion which was at a premium of 63% to the price of Motorola shares at the end of August 12, 2011. The acquisition of Motorola was aimed at protecting the viability of Google android considering the fact that Google was recently facing a threat due to patent war existing throughout the industry, due to which the major android manufacturers like HTC and Samsung were being sued by giants like Microsoft and Apple for the infringement of patents (Gaughan, 2011, p.5). Google announced that it will run Motorola as an independent business. The deal received approval from the shareholders as well as from the United States Department of Justice and the EU in early 2012. The approval from Chinese authorities followed and the deal was completed on May 22 , 2012. The deal represented Google Inc.’s biggest challenge to Apple Inc., which was the leading player in the market of mobile phones and tablets. Economies of scale A vertical merger generally has a lower potential for economies of scale than a horizontal merger but the merger of Google and Motorola saw the achievement of economies of scale in both financial and risk bearing economies (The Economist, 2008). Technical, organizational, bulks buying as well as financial economies of scale were achieved from the merger (Thompson, 2012). Coordination improved in terms of cost fit, timing fit, size and communication fit within the business (Arnold, 2005, p.45). The merger immediately showed a success effect by increasing the market share in the world market for smartphones from 46.9% in the first quarter of 2012 to 68.1% in the last quarter of 2012. Economies of scale was achieved by getting other byproduct benefits such as the development of the next generation device for mobil e computing, extra services, for example, advertising to living rooms through Motorola'scable TV boxes which helped in boosting the staggering set top box business, in smartphone designs aimed to fulfil the government regulations and competing with Microsoft’s new release of Windows phones. The company achieved a higher output with lowering the average cost, thus increasing the profitability and ensuring lower price for the customers (Rosenbaum, 2012). Economies of vertical integration The move to buy Motorola had a positive impact on the margins. Major phone manufacturers show a trend of having slim margins (Neale, 2004). But market leaders like Apple and Samsung have been known to maintain a margin of 40-50%. Google maintained net profit margin of 25% without having to subsidize the cost of manufacture in order to attract new clients. The merger showed a 100 to 150 basis points positive impact on the profitability. The merger enabled Google Inc. to supercharge the Android e cosystem and enhanced it competitive features in the mobile computing sector. The merger also opened up new opportunities for cross licencing. Combining complementary resources One of the main motives behind the merger was Google’s intention to accelerate innovation by combining the technical resources of Motorola Mobility. Another primary reason was that Google wanted to acquire the huge number of patents that Motorola had. The acquisition of these patents was likely to give the company a high competitive strength against its

Group Support Systems Essay Example for Free

Group Support Systems Essay Group Support System is technology that is solely designed to spur the work of groups. It can be used to cooperate, compete, negotiate, coordinate, communicate or solve problems. Whilst conventional technologies, such as the telephone qualify as GSS, the term is customarily used in reference to a definite class of technologies relying on contemporary computer networks like newsgroups, email, chat or videophones. GSSs have the ability to reduce communication barriers, thereby improving organizational effectiveness. The technology facilitates clearer, faster and more persuasive communication and allows communication where it wouldn’t otherwise be feasible or possible. What’s more, Group Support Systems facilitate new-fangled means of communication like structured interactions and anonymous interchanges, in so doing, they significantly reduce communication barriers. Similarly, Group Support Systems enhance team productivity in the organization by allowing team members to collaborate from anywhere, share contact and information instantly and access email accounts from a single inbox. Besides, GSS lessens on time-consuming phone calls, travel expenses and organizational meetings. It as well curbs expensive overnight couriers and mailings, thereby improving organizational efficient through increased productivity. Facilitating decision-making activities is one of the cardinal features of Group Support System. The technology is applauded for knowledge management and brings to fore expertise as well as multiple perspectives regarding organizational decision making. Furthermore, it leverages professional expertise in making pertinent decisions to the objectives, goals, mission and vision of an organization. Finally, the benefits of Group Support Systems that I have experienced in the workplace are diverse and far-reaching. The technology enables members to back up imperative documents in a secure location, in that way reduces risk of information loss as a result of computer theft or damage.

Common Threads in George Orwells 1984 and Todays Society Essay

Common Threads in George Orwell's 1984 and Today's Society "Big Brother is Watching You"(Orwell 5). This simple phrase has become the cornerstone of the conspiracy theorists dialog. George Orwell may have writing a cautionary novel with 1984, but there is little possibility that he could have foreseen how close to reality his novel would truly become. In the past 50 years, the world has become a much more dangerous place. Along with this danger has come a call for governments to do more to protect their citizens. This Protection has changed over the years, but it has become more and more invasive in order to "protect" the populations from various "threats". Orwell introduces the reader to a future where the government monitors every citizen through a "telescreen". These telescreens broadcast news and various government sanctioned facts at all times, but they also, "Received and transmitted simultaneously. Any sound that Winston made, above the level of a very low whisper would be picked up by it"(Orwell 6). These devices can also visually monitor Winston as long as he is within its field of vision. Obviously, in the late 1940's, no such device actually existed, but since then, governments have developed many other forms of electronic intrusion into their citizen's lives. In London today, there is a "ring of steel", which was set up to protect the citizens from terrorist acts. This ring is actually a system of cameras, which can zoom in on individual faces and recognize them from a database of millions of red-listed individuals. This is probably the closest a society has come to actually installing actual telescreens in homes. Our Constitution protects us from being spied on in our homes like the citizens of Oceania... ...e world of human persecution, walking around inside of it, and reproducing it in literary form"(220). 1984 is exactly that then, a literary warning to all readers of the ultimate in human persecution, where individuals do not exist, and forces controlling society have complete and utter control over all aspects of their minions lives. Our own age has fallen into the majority of the pitfalls presented in 1984, if you have committed any crime, misrepresented yourself in any way, or simply taken out a library book that has been black listed, you can be punished by law without ever having the faintest idea of being monitored. Knowing this, and knowing where we could end up hopefully helps us to be able to correct our mistakes before they are taken too far and we end up in the basement of Miniluv. Works Cited: Orwell, George. 1984. London: Secker and Warburg, 1949.

Sonnet 129

The poem Sonnet 129 focuses on human lust and its inevitable stages of shame. Shakespeare promotes the theme that as a result of lust there is only corruptness, whether it be while one is â€Å"in pursuit† (9) (in the future tense), â€Å"in possession† (in the present tense), or after the fact (in the past tense) when it proves â€Å"a very woe† (11). The negativity of lust is extremely reinforced in only the third line of the poem with a chain of adjectives to describe lust: â€Å"Is perjured, murderous, bloody, full of blame, / Savage, extreme, rude, cruel, not to trust† (3-4).This word choice exemplifies strong and ruthless voice that one would not usually categorize with lust. A simile is used to expound the consequence of lust by comparing it to when a fish is tricked by â€Å"a swallowed bait† (7). When a fish takes the bait with the hidden hook, the barb on the hook encases itself inside the fish’s flesh. This is an accurate compariso n to lust because the energy the fish exerts directly correlates with how deep the hook is buried. Correspondingly, just like when one is lustful, he or she is unavoidably doomed; that is, trying to escape the shame worsens the situation.Also, Shakespeare touches on the deceptiveness of lust: at first one is convinced lust is not a problem, merely â€Å"A bliss in proof† (11); however once realized and â€Å"proved† (11), the struggle with lust ends up being problematic. Moreover, Shakespeare expresses the shamefulness of viewing lust from â€Å"behind a dream† (12), the consequently terrible feeling one feels after lusting. The organization of Sonnet 129 helps convey Shakespeare’s idea about the tangles created by lust. The rhyme scheme is ABAB CDCD EFEF GG.This organization of rhyme forms a sense of always searching for a conclusion to the rhyme, as one reads one line and then the next in search for an end rhyme. There are no periods for the first 12 li nes creating a lack of pause, which forces one to read the entire poem through in a hastily manner. This all exemplifies the theme of lust because the poem reveals how once one lusts, they are never satisfied whether it be before, during, or after the lusting just like how as the reader is always propelled into the next word or phrase.The last couplet of the poem â€Å"All this the world well knows; yet none knows well / To Shun the heaven that leads men to this hell† (13-4) finally breaks the hurried 14 lines. In this couplet, Shakespeare explains that everyone knows lusting is a sin and it is always visible to God. This is an appropriate conclusion for this poem because it is reiterating the seriousness of lust and the Christian stance that lusting, in the end, will place you in hell.

John Locke on Property Essay

Natural reason suggests that human beings have the right to preserve themselves the moment they are born. An individual can utilize everything that he sees around him to preserve himself. He can drink if he is thirsty; he can eat if he is hungry. Nature, which God gave to the world, is the individual’s source of materials for his preservation. Locke emphasized that the world was given to the whole humanity by God. This, for Locke, is nothing but common knowledge (Locke 11). Locke questions how an individual can actually own a thing. He finds it difficult to understand why, when God has given the Earth to His children, men would search for things on earth and label it as their own. Since it is difficult to find a part of the Earth which an individual can own and call it his â€Å"property†, then the only easy way to solve this dilemma is to have the world owned by a universal monarch. This, then, would only be possible upon the belief that Adam owns the world because god gave it to him. As Adam has the world, it also means that his heirs own the world, too (Locke 11). Since this clearly is not the case in today’s world and in today’s society, Locke promises that he will explain how an individual claim a part of what God has given mankind, and that, with no single express compact of all people (Locke 11). As God has given mankind a whole world, it also means that along with this, He has given mankind a reason to use this world to their convenience and best advantage. The world are has everything that a man needs to survive. It has air, water, food and shelter. It contains that things that an individual needs to live a comfortable life. Whatever is found in this world all help in supporting the life of an individual (Locke 13). Although the food found on earth, including the animals or the predators that feed on them, are all qualified as properties of mankind (since nature produces all them), the fact alone that they are included as part of the earth means that even the predators are necessary for the survival of mankind – even when these beasts harm the quality of living of an individual. There will always be a way for a man to know how a harmful beast may help him. Whatever way this is, he has yet to figure out, but the fact remains that a harmful beast is indeed beneficial since it is a part of the world that God gave him (Locke 14). For Locke, the meat and the fruit which an individual feeds on are both considered occupants of the earth. No other individual will have the right to own that particular meat or particular fruit before it can support his life. No one has a right to something if the benefits are yet undiscovered (Ishay 116). The earth is indeed common to all the people living in it – to all its occupants. Then again, each individual has a property of his own. He is the only person who can practice his rights on that certain thing since he is the only person owning it. His hands do the working. His body does the laboring. Because of all these, whatever he produces rightfully becomes his property. Whatever thing nature has provided, which he, in turn, takes away from the state, becomes his property, as soon as he mixes his labor with it. Whatever it is that he takes away from the state which was placed there because of nature eliminates the right of other men, as long as he was able to own it through his hardships and labor (Ishay 116). Labor is indeed an important factor in this case, since labor is something that mankind cannot question. Labor is the unquestionable property of the man who is laboring. The man laboring is the only man who has the right to his products (Ishay 116). Whoever is being supported and benefited by the fruits of his labor has definitely appropriated these fruits for him. The question of Locke now, is when exactly did this fruit became his own? If, for example, an individual harvests the apple that came from the tree he himself planted, when exactly did he own the apple? Was it from the time when he digested the apple, since it is believed that as he is nourished by the fruit of his labor, he can start calling this his own? Or was it from the time when he picked the apples from the tree (Ishay 117)? What marks the difference between the common man and himself is labor. Labor defines what nature cannot. If an individual makes use of what nature has given him, and he, in turn, starts to benefit from it, then he owns the fruit. The man is able to own things as he extends what a nature can do to support his life. Here is where the concept of private right comes in (Ishay 118). Another dilemma is realized from this perspective, since will one not have a right to that apple which he appropriated for himself if mankind did not allow him to? Does he need the consent of other men to make the apple his property? Would this be considered robbery, since whatever is found on this earth is a property of all men (Boaz 123)? Then again, John Locke argued that consent from other men is not even necessary in the first place. If an individual always waits for a go-signal from other men so that he can start owning and eating an apple, then he will end up being starved. What is common in mankind, or common in â€Å"commoners†, is the act of taking something away from this world to make it his property. Nature leaves something in the state, and commoners remove it out from there. As an individual removes it from the state, it starts to be his property. Without such property, then the individual will be of no use to the world. Taking something which an individual may consider his property is not dependent on whether or not commoners will allow him to (Boaz 123). The grass is in the lands to be eaten by a horse. A servant sees a turf which he may cut. All people can see ores, and all of them have right to the meat. An individual can do everything that he can, and thus exhibit acts of labor, to produce something that can benefit him. As a product of his labor, his prize is to own it as its property. He does not need to consult other men; more so, need their consent. The moment an individual removes something from the state is already a manifestation of a labor being enacted. There is a struggle, a difficulty, and an action taking place as an individual takes something away from the state. From this point exactly, an individual owns a thing (Boaz 123). John Locke’s main argument when he said that property is prior to the political state; he was referring to the law of reason. This law is what makes the deer a proper of an Indian, only if this Indian went his way into killing the deer. Once he exerted effort and enacted labor into killing the deer, then he has every right to eat the deer. The deer used to be a property of the world, and of everyone. Killing it is also a right of every person. Then again, whoever has the reason to go first and bestow his energy, labor and power to kill the deer, is the same person who owns the meat. Reason is what defines a person’s property, according to John Locke. Whatever it is that is found in this earth is a property of everyone, and everyone has the right to owning it. Then, again, labor, when fueled with reason, is what makes and what allows a person to own something and start calling it his property (Boaz 124). For John Locke, it is effortless to imagine and think how labor can start and prescribe a person’s property, considering the fact and the supposed challenge that may be faced since this property used to be a property of all mankind, and this property of mankind is coming from nature – the nature itself being an entity that belongs to everyone. The limits of a property are defined by how we spend it. For John Locke, arguments and conflicts regarding property and owndership may be eliminated if we see things his way (Boaz 125). Through John Locke’s view in property, he suggests that convenience and right go along together. He has his right which is his reason enough to employ his labor on a property common to mankind. Once he goes through challenges to own it to his convenience, then there should be no room left for conflict and quarrel. Whoever went his way to experience challenges just to reap what he saw, has every right to own the fruits of his labor (Boaz 126). Works Cited Boaz, David. The Libertarian Reader: Classic and Contemporary Readings from Lao-tzu to Milton Friedman. Free Press, 1998. Ishay, Micheline. The Human Rights Reader: Major Political Essays, Speeches, and Documents from Ancient Times to the Present. CRC Press, 2007. Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government. Kessinger Publishing, 2004.

Text to Speech Over the Internet essays

Text to Speech Over the Internet essays The technology of Text-to-Speech is among the state-of-the-art advancements brought about by computer research and studies. Aside from the visual properties that people used to enjoy while Internet surfing, such as graphics and animations, text-to-speech is an added functionality to a What is Text-to-Speech' ATRC describes text-to-speech software as a tool used to convert words from a computer document into an audible form. Nowadays, the technology of text-to-speech is used by some web sites over the Internet as additional aid to web users. It is a tool that can facilitate the presentation of information by providing audible information as supplement to the traditional text and graphic forms of information. An example of a web site that currently employs text-to-speech technology is CEC System's www.cezine.net. CEC is a computer systems company that sells Peli cases. As a company that runs an e-commerce site, it is beneficial for their business to employ a text-to-speech tool because it can serve online shoppers with product explanations that is comparable to a live Text-to-speech, as used in web related manner, is not just an embellishment to web sites by providing further useful functionality to web users. One essential benefit of using text-to-speech is that it aids users with sight impairments in using the Internet. With text-to-speech tools, web sites can become compliant to Disability Acts that look after the welfare of In today's technology, there are many text-to-speech software that is available in the market. Most of which offer similar features and benefits Text to Speech Softwares | There are many big companies, including Microsoft, which developed text-to- speech softwares. Microsoft's Microsoft Reader can bring speech technology ...

Instance Variables in Ruby

Instance Variables in Ruby Instance variables begin with an at sign () and can be referenced only within class methods. They differ from local variables in that they dont exist within any particular scope. Instead, a similar variable table is stored for each instance of a class. Instance variables live within a class instance, so as long as that instance stays alive, so will the instance variables. Instance variables can be referenced in any method of that class. All methods of a class use the same instance variable table, as opposed to local variables where each method will have a different variable table. It is possible to access instance variables without first defining them, however. This will not raise an exception, but the variables value will be nil and a warning will be issued if youve run Ruby with the -w switch. This example demonstrates the use of instance variables. Note that the shebang contains the -w switch, which will print warnings should they occur. Also, note the incorrect usage outside of a method in the class scope. This is incorrect and discussed below. #!/usr/bin/env ruby -wclass TestClass # Incorrect! test monkey def initialize value 1337 end def print_value # OK puts value end def uninitialized # Technically OK, generates warning puts monkey endendt TestClass.newt.print_valuet.uninitialized Why is the test variable incorrect? This has to do with scope and how Ruby implements things. Within a method, the instance variable scope refers to the particular instance of that class. However, in the class scope (inside the class, but outside of any methods), the scope is the class instance scope. Ruby implements the class hierarchy by instantiating Class objects, so there is a second instance at play here. The first instance is an instance of the Class class, and this is where test will go. The second instance is the instantiation of TestClass, and this is where value will go. This gets a bit confusing, but just remember to never use instance_variables outside of methods. If you need class-wide storage, use class_variables, which can be used anywhere in the class scope (inside or outside of methods) and will behave the same. Accessors You normally cannot access instance variables from outside of an object. For instance, in the above example, you cannot simply call t.value or t.value to access the instance variable value. This would break the rules of encapsulation. This also applies to instances of child classes, they cannot access instance variables belonging to the parent class even though theyre technically the same type. So, in order to provide access to instance variables, accessor methods must be declared. The following example demonstrates how accessor methods can be written. However, note that Ruby provides a shortcut and that this example only exists to show you how the accessor methods work. Its generally not common to see accessor methods written in this way unless some sort of additional logic is needed for the accessor. #!/usr/bin/env rubyclass Student def initialize(name,age) name, age name, age end # Name reader, assume name cant change def name name end # Age reader and writer def age age end def age(age) age age endendalice Student.new(Alice, 17)# Its Alices birthdayalice.age 1puts Happy birthday #{alice.name}, \youre now #{alice.age} years old! The shortcuts make things a bit easier and more compact. There are three of these helper methods. They must be run in the class scope (inside the class but outside of any methods), and will dynamically define methods much like the methods defined in the above example. Theres no magic going on here, and they look like language keywords, but they really are just dynamically defining methods. Also, these accessors typically go at the top of the class. That gives the reader an instant overview of which member variables will be available outside the class or to child classes. There are three of these accessor methods. They each take a list of symbols describing the instance variables to be accessed. attr_reader - Define reader methods, such as the name method in the above example.attr_writer - Define writer methods such as the age method in the above example.attr_accessor - Define both reader and writer methods. #!/usr/bin/env rubyclass Student attr_reader :name attr_accessor :age def initialize(name,age) name, age name, age endendalice Student.new(Alice, 17)# Its Alices birthdayalice.age 1puts Happy birthday #{alice.name}, \youre now #{alice.age} years old! When to use Instance Variables Now that you know what instance variables are, when do you use them? Instance variables should be used when they represent the state of the object. A students name and age, their grades, etc. They shouldnt be used for temporary storage, thats what local variables are for. However, they could possibly be used for temporary storage between method calls for multi-stage computations. However if youre doing this, you may want to rethink your method composition and make these variables into method parameters instead.

Cross culture communication and negotiation Essay - 1

Cross culture communication and negotiation - Essay Example The author point out how both native and non-native speakers should make their approach in order to understand each other and co-construct the conversation in intercultural communication in an age when English is becoming a global language. 5. Dovidio, J.F., Hebl, M., Richeson, J.A. & Shelton, J.N. 2006. Nonverbal communication, Race, and intergroup Interaction. [Online] Available at: http://www.yale.edu/intergroup/Dovidio_Hebl_Richeson_Shelton_2006.pdf In this article, the authors analyses the importance of nonverbal communication in cross cultural communication and negotiation process. It says that members of majority and minority groups in general may differ in the types of nonverbal behaviors they display regularly. It also analyses Social Identity and Nonverbal Behavior in Intergroup Interaction. 6. Rudlin, P. 2008. Indirect communication: I see what you mean. MultiLingual, Jun2008, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p49-51, This article focuses on the importance of non-verbal communication in Ja pan. It says that Japanese prefer to use eye contact, teeth sucking and head movements to avoid confrontation and disagreement with others. Listeners and speakers are expected to understand the real meaning of their movement and vague expressions to convey that it is not necessary to talk about it. 7. Mandal, M.K., Harizuka, S., Bhushan, B. & Mishra, K.C. (2001). Cultural variation in hemifacial asymmetry of emotion expressions British Journal of Social Psychology (2 001), 40, 385–398 The authors of this article argues that emotions such as happy, sad, fear , anger, surprise, disgust etc are displayed differently by people of different cultures after analysing the emotions of Japanese, Oriental Indian and...All these developments result in increased cross cultural communication and business negotiation processes. Cross cultural communication and negotiation are vital in determining the success and failures of international business. Stuhlmacher & Citera (2005) pointed out that â€Å"Negotiations are often categorized as distributive (win-lose) and integrative (win-win)† (p.24). Even though everybody wants to conduct negotiations to yield a win-win result, in most of the cases, it results in win-lose results. Both the parties argue their points strongly while doing negotiations. Such arguments often end up in conflicts. The success of business negotiation rests in the abilities of the parties in solving such crisis. While doing international business, the negotiators belong to different cultures, and hence it is quite possible that the ideas conveyed by one by one person may not be perceived properly by the other person. It should be noted that verbal as well as nonverbal communication are important in communicating the ideas of one person to another. In cross cultural business negotiations, the negotiators are from different cultures and hence their verbal as well as the nonverbal means of communication could be entirely different.

Reasons for European Economic Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reasons for European Economic Crisis - Essay Example The essay "Reasons for European Economic Crisis" overviews the reasons for European Economic crisis such as imbalances in international trade, inappropriate and inflexible monetary policy, increasing levels of households, banks, and governments debts, confidence loss in the economic system. The European economic crisis started in 2007 and was preceded by a considerably long duration of low-risk premiums, the growth of real estate bubbles, abundant liquidity, and fast credit growth. The economic misfortunes sequence that began in 2002 created a fiscal dilemma in Europe that included spiraling debt by the governments and banks of a number of European states. Some economists and policy analysts believe that the uncontrolled or unregulated debt resulted to the fiscal quandary that went beyond normal proportions. About 20 European states were in debt as of 2012 and this compounded the problem of European economic crisis because they have closely connected economies and shares a monetary currency. What has been of greater concerns to many analysts is how Europe got into the crisis in the first place. It is believed that focus on social welfare and irresponsibility by some European states evidenced by heavy borrowing and not paying heed to the balance of payment are main facto rs that led to the crisis. This paper will explain in details the reasons for European Economic crisis. Musialkowska and Wroblewski point out that no doubt the European economic crisis was as a result of a combination of various complex factors.

Video Case Meredith Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Video Meredith - Case Study Example Another key variable is interest, as this helps define what kind of products they are interested in, as many of the magazines, special interest publications and advertisements are targeted around specific interests. Finally, recent marketing efforts have focused on life events, what factors are changing in the life of the consumer, such as whether they are having a baby or are close to retirement in order to segment the market. Meredith uses survey techniques to get in touch with customers, asking them a wide range of questions including what they do and do not like in the magazines, editorial interests, and where they are in their life. This allows them to build a comprehensive picture of the needs and desires of consumers, their interests and their passion and what they desire in a magazine. The marketing department feels that with the wide range of products now available it is important to have substantial knowledge of the target market. Meredith’s database is large, having 85 million entries, and allows them to reach eight out of ten home owner. As a consequence of this wealth of information, Meredith uses targeted marketing, in particular direct mail to advertise to customers. They use this to send out direct mail offers to consumers on the database that are targeted around this information. Their marketing techniques are very direct, and they prefer to send out a limited number of targeted dir ect advertisements and offers than a large number of broad ones. The direct mail they send is more than simply advertisements, instead the mail contains offers on a large number of products and publications that the consumer is likely to be interested in based on the database information. As a consequence, there is a much higher chance of the consumer responding to the advertising than to non-targeted or mass advertising. Because of their wide database and ability to data mine and analyze the information that is contained within it, Meredith has been

Unitary matrix

Unitary matrix INTRODUCTION Unitary matrix In mathematics, a unitary matrix is an n by n complex matrix U satisfying the condition where , is the identity matrix in n dimensions and , is the conjugate transpose (also called the Hermitian adjoint) of U. Note this condition says that a matrix U is unitary if and only if it has an inverse which is equal to its conjugate transpose A unitary matrix in which all entries are real is an orthogonal matrix. Just as an orthogonal matrix G preserves the (real) inner product of two real vectors, so also a unitary matrix U satisfies for all complex vectors x and y, where stands now for the standard inner product on If is an n by n matrix then the following are all equivalent conditions: is unitary is unitary the columns of form an orthonormal basis of with respect to this inner product the rows of form an orthonormal basis of with respect to this inner product is an isometry with respect to the norm from this inner product U is a normal matrix with eigenvalues lying on the unit circle. A square matrix is a unitary matrix if where denotes the conjugate transpose and is the matrix inverse. For example, is a unitary matrix. Unitary matrices leave the length of a complex vector unchanged. For real matrices, unitary is the same as orthogonal. In fact, there are some similarities between orthogonal matrices and unitary matrices. The rows of a unitary matrix are a unitary basis. That is, each row has length one, and their Hermitian inner product is zero. Similarly, the columns are also a unitary basis. In fact, given any unitary basis, the matrix whose rows are that basis is a unitary matrix. It is automatically the case that the columns are another unitary basis. The definition of a unitary matrix guarantees that where is the identity matrix. In particular, a unitary matrix is always invertible, and . Note that transpose is a much simpler computation than inverse. A similarity transformation of a Hermitian matrix with a unitary matrix gives Unitary matrices are normal matrices. If is a unitary matrix, then the permanen The unitary matrices are precisely those matrices which preserve the Hermitian inner product Also, the norm of the determinant of is . Unlike the orthogonal matrices, the unitary matrices are connected. If then is a special unitary matrix. The product of two unitary matrices is another unitary matrix. The inverse of a unitary matrix is another unitary matrix, and identity matrices are unitary. Hence the set of unitary matrices form a group, called the unitary group. Properties Of unitary matrix All unitary matrices are normal, and the spectral theorem therefore applies to them. Thus every unitary matrix U has a decomposition of the form Where V is unitary, and ÃŽ £ is diagonal and unitary. That is, a unitary matrix is diagonalizable by a unitary matrix. For any unitary matrix U, the following hold: U is invertible. | det (U) | = 1. is unitary. U preserves length U has complex eigenvalues of modulus 1. It follows from the isometry property that all eigenvalues of a unitary matrix are complex numbers of absolute value 1 (i.e., they lie on the unit circle centered at 0 in the complex plane). For any n, the set of all n by n unitary matrices with matrix multiplication forms a group. Any matrix is the average of two unitary matrices. As a consequence, every matrix M is a linear combination of two unitary matrices (depending on M, of course). Unitary group In mathematics, the unitary group of degree n, denoted U(n), is the group of nÃâ€"n unitary matrices, with the group operation that of matrix multiplication. The unitary group is a subgroup of the general linear group GL (n, C). In the simple case n = 1, the group U(1) corresponds to the circle group, consisting of all complex numbers with absolute value 1 under multiplication. All the unitary groups contain copies of this group. The unitary group U(n) is a real Lie group of dimension n2. The Lie algebra of U(n) consists of complex nÃâ€"n skew-Hermitian matrices, with the Lie bracket given by the commutator. The general unitary group (also called the group of unitary similitude) consists of all matrices A such that A * A is a nonzero multiple of the identity matrix, and is just the product of the unitary group with the group of all positive multiples of the identity matrix.

Existentialist View Of Human Condition :: essays research papers

Existentialist View of Human Condition Two of the main principles of Existentialist Human Condition are: That man exists and then creates himself and what man chooses for himself he chooses for everyone else as well. Lets examine the first principle: man exists and then defines himself. What it means is that man is created on this earth and is nothing but a body, blood and guts. What he chooses to do and to be is what makes him a man. If a man comes into this world and chooses to steal, cheat, kill and lie then that is what that man has made himself to be. While society may see him as a "evil" person, that is what is right for him. Now on the other hand if a person chooses to be generous, kind, honest and loving, society may see him as a "good" person while it is still right for him. According to the Existentialists, a person is placed on this earth with no predisposed "good" or "evil" values, one man is not created with any more good or evil than the next. By the decisions we make in life we create ourselves. Next the second view, what man chooses for himself he chooses for everyone else. This is a view I really believe in. Everything we do in life effects someone else, whether we no it or not. Every time we drive our car. Every time we eat something, spend money, go for a jog someone else is effected. For an example: a man goes to the store and buys a stereo. First of all the clerk the clerk is effected because they have to check you out, so you have taken some of their time. The store is effected because they are minus one radio from their store. The manufacturer now has to make one more to replace the one that was bought from the store. The manufacturing employees are effected because put the radio together, and so on. On the other hand a man who chooses to steal that same stereo will effect even more people.

The Impact Listening Skills to Self-Disclosure In A Marital and Romantic Relationship

Relationships are strengthened by good communication. There are many aspects of communication that ultimately affect the quality of one’s relationships. It is of interest that we discover the impact of a certain communication skill on relationships. This essay also deals with the effect of listening skills on the quality of marital and mature man-woman relationships. Having all other factors constant this essay deals only with the effect of listening skills on the relationship quality of the individuals in a marital and romantic relationship.The settings for each relationship is unique therefore the degree of communication skill needed for the relationship varies. Before going into the details, we must first define the factors involved in the relationships mentioned. These factors are: the listening skills of the individuals involved in a marital and romantic relationship. As Pickering (1981) notes, listening skills are of the most important communication skills needed, to hav e a good relationship. Next is the relationship quality which is defined as the value or worth of the relationship (Mie, 2005).Lastly, relationship, a term that widens in scope as people wander to different aspects of interpersonal relationships, is taken into consideration (Zuroff & Neil, 1999). The researcher chose to focus on two similar relationship settings, which are the marital and mature man-woman romantic relationship. Hence, this essay focuses on the evidences that prove the positive impact of good listening skills on the practice of self-disclosure of the individuals in a marital and romantic relationship. Impact 3 Listening Skills Studies show that the impact of communication, specifically listening skills in relationships is immense.One must chose the right communication tool to improve ones relationships. Studies show that people who influence us are those who are active listeners (Pickering 1981). A study was done comparing the difference between couples who undergo c ommunication program and those who didn’t. Results showed that those who undergo the communication program to enhance their communication skills have a higher tendency of success in their relationships in the long run compared to those who did not undergo the program (Yalcin & Karahan, 2007).One of the most important aspects of communication is the listening skills. According to White (2006), good communicators are emphatic listeners who apply effective listening in relationships. Individuals in the relationships should be good communicators. There is a difference between hearing and listening. Hearing only deals with the physical processes as one hears sounds from the environment, while listening engages the individual to empathize with the speaker in terms of the emotions and opinions behind the words spoken.Shepherd (2007) notes that most of the marriage failures happen because of the lack of communication. We can attribute the lack of communication also with the lack of l istening skills in the relationship. Programs to improve communication between individuals in relationships, especially marital relationships, exist to help couples improve their relationship by increasing their communication skills. These programs prove to be helpful in terms of the self-disclosure that happens between individuals in relationships thus the relationship develops (Riesch, et al, 2003). Impact 4Relationship Quality Quality in this context means the satisfaction or value of the relationship which is translated as the openness of the persons involved in the relationship. The increase of value the individuals give to others the relationship improve the quality of their relationship. Studies confirm that relationships increase in value as the individuals in it improve their communication skills (Yalcin & Karahan, 2007). Self-disclosure is in effect one of the aspects that determine relationship quality, in this context- in the marital and romantic relationship.Dion (1998) , conducted a study showing that people who are secure in their relationships, practicing higher self-disclosure with other individuals, have higher relationship satisfaction as compared to those who are insecure or those who lack close communication, self-disclosure with their partners. This study tells us that self-disclosure does not only improve the relationship of the individuals per se, but also improves ones self-image. This can be seen when self-disclosure is practiced and individuals in the relationship affirms the other, thus improving ones self-image and improved communication in the relationship.Mie (2005) further asserted that self-disclosure is also defined as willingness of persons to confide or be open to other individuals. It can then be acknowledged that good self-disclosure in a relationship increases its value, and improves ones self-image in the relationship. And in relations this, listening skills are clearly needed to have good self-disclosure. As self-disclos ure deals with the openness of individuals in a relationship, listening skills are needed to have effective self-disclosure between individuals.Self-disclosure is thus, one of the most important factors affecting the quality of close relationships (Levinger & Rands, 1985). Impact 5 Relationships There are many aspects that may affect relationships. The relationships taken into consideration in this essay are the marital and romantic relationship. Studies show that relationship between parents or couples is one of the most important factors that improve the relationship of the family as a whole, thus the first influence that affects the family relationship is the parents (Riesch, et al, 2003).The relationship between the husband and wife will greatly determine the relationship established in the family. It is crucial for the parents to have a solid, healthy relationship, with the assumption that they have children in the family. Parrott (1995) stated that couples who listen intently at each others opinions and ideas will strengthen the relationship. The more couples practice listening, self-disclosure is easier therefore the relationship will grow (Jorgensen & Gaudy1980).In Parrott’s book, a couple cited tips on how to develop relationship with one another- this was to actively listen to each other. As mentioned above hearing and listening are different concepts. Listening must be practiced in relationships for it to develop. In the romantic relationship between a male and a female, the factors that affect their relationship are somehow similar to that of a marital relationship. The difference may be with the external factors of the relationship.Marital relationships involve external influences: such as conjugal responsibilities of their direct family, financial factors, and others. Zuroff & Duncan (1999) conducted a study about the effect of self-disclosure in college students in romantic relationships, and found out that they are largely influenced by their peers, and unpredictable emotions cause them to easily change their minds about relationships. Thus in this type of relationship, there is a greater need to apply listening skills, to improve the quality of their relationships. Impact 6The same principles of listening skills can be applied for both marital and adult man-woman romantic relationship, to directly improve their self-disclosure and their relationship as a whole. There are many benefits for a healthy relationship between couples and romantic relationships alike. A study even shows how good relationship affects the physiological well-being of the persons in the relationship (Yalcin & Karahan, 2007). Conclusion We have already established the importance of communication skills and its direct effect on relationship quality in marital and romantic relationships as have been mentioned in this essay.Evidences were given to prove the importance of these factors in relation to the marital and adult man-woman romantic relati onships. Based on the studies shown, communication skills, specifically listening skills, have a direct relationship with the quality of the marital and romantic relationship, where as the listening skills improve, so does the practice of self-disclosure in the said relationships. We can also conclude that increased self-disclosure in a relationship improves its value, therefore the relationship develops.Self-disclosure also has positive effects on the individual practicing it, where self-image can be improved compared to those who don’t practice it. Thus, self-disclosure affects not only the relationship at large, but also the individuals practicing it in the relationship. Lastly, relationships in the marital and romantic settings are different in external influences but similar in the need for effective listening skills that causes good self-disclosure in the relationship.

Moliere the Misanthrope

The Misanthrope Moliere’s play The Misanthrope is a comedy that represents social satire, satirizing the conventions of the society which Moliere lived in and observed. Perhaps the character of Alceste best demonstrates the elements of comedy and tragedy that co-exist in Moliere’s play. Alceste, after all, realizes his jealous nature makes him a comic figure. In fact, humankind’s tragedy as expressed by Moliere is that it cannot admit how funny, hypocritical, and ironic most of its actions and views are.Because of this, Moliere’s play is much more comedy than tragedy. Alceste represents an â€Å"everyman† of his social milieu and culture in Moliere’s perception. He would like to be honest but knows he lives in a social system that is dishonest. Alceste chastises Philinte because of his hypocritical behavior toward strangers, who he hugs and professes great love for but then reverses his position the minute they are gone. As Alceste tells him, â€Å"Once the man’s back is turned, you cease to love him, / And speak with absolute indifference of him! By God, I say it’s base and scandalous / To falsify the heart’s affections thus; / If I caught myself behaving in such a way, / I’d hang myself for shame, without delay† (Moliere 17). While the above treatment of one’s fellow man may seem tragic, Moliere seems to be suggesting in a humorous way that all humans are often guilty of such behavior. In fact, it is Alceste’s failures to recognize his own foibles that makes him so comical and his reaction to others hypocritical. Alceste is indignant and humorless with others like Oronte, who writes a poem about his beloved Celimene.He fails to realize his jealousy makes him just as guilty of treating others poorly as does Philinte’s hypocrisy. He is a jealous lover. He is a jealous friend. And he is hard on all those around him but himself. Moliere is maintaining this lack of se lf-perception may be man’s tragedy but from it springs much of the humor and comedy in life. We see this humor when Alceste maintains he would get rid of all those who wooed Celimene were he his beloved, â€Å"Were I this lady, I would soon get rid / Of lovers who approved of all I did, / And by their slack indulgence and applause / Endorsed my follies and excused my flaws† (Moliere 68).In essence, Alceste endorses his own follies and excuses his own flaws. In conclusion, though there are definitely tragic elements that co-exist with the satire and comedy in Moliere’s The Misanthrope, overall the play is much more of a humorous and funny comedy than it is tragic. Though lack of insight and self-perception may be a tragic condition of humankind, Moliere sees much more humor and comedy stemming from it.Work Cited Moliere, Jean Baptiste. The Misanthrope and Tartuffe. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1965.

Dna Dna and Alternate Dna Structure Essay

Dna Dna and Alternate Dna Structure Essay Dna: Dna and Alternate Dna Structure Essay DNA BY Navdeep Singh Period 4 Date 5-18-2015 Mr.Sanchez Chemistry B Inside the human body there lies something very unique to us that we call the DNA. It is predicted that there are over 3 billion base-pairs of DNA inside the average human. DNA itself is huge so let’s cover the basics you need to know about it. The DNA includes, RNA, Double-Helix, Base-pairing and an alternate DNA structure. It may seem amazing but beware your DNA can be damaged and or Replicated. In crime DNA comes very handy because detectives use forensics. Every living thing on the planet or most things have a DNA inside of them, therefore DNA is said to have evolved over the trillions of years. Translation is the final step on the way from DNA to protein. It is the synthesis of proteins directed by mRNA template. The information contained in the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA is read as three letter words (triplets), called codons. Each word stands for one amino acid. During translation amino acids are linked together to form a polypeptide chain which will later be folded into a protein. The translation is dependent on many components, of which two are extra important. First of all; the ribosome which is the cellular factory responsible for the protein synthesis. It consists of two different subunits, one small and one large and is built up from rRNA and proteins. Inside the ribosome the amino acids are linked together into a chain through multiple biochemical reactions. The second component is the tRNA, a specialized RNA molecule that carries an amino acid at one end and has a triplet of nucleotides, an anticodon, at the other end. The anticodon of a tRNA molecule can bas e pair, i.e form chemical bonds, with the mRNA's three letter codon. Thus the tRNA acts as the translator between mRNA and protein by bringing the specific amino acid coded for by the mRNA codon. Transcription sequences are found close to the ends of the sequences that are not coded. There are two types of bacteria. In the rhoindependent terminators, inverted repeat sequences are transcribed, they can then fold back on themselves in the hairpin loops, causing RNA pol to pause and resulting In release of the transcription. On the other hand, rhoindependent terminators make us use of a factor called rho, which actively unwinds the DNA-RNA hybrid formed during transcription, therefore releasing the newly and improved synthesized RNA. In eukaryotes, terminations of transcription occurs by many and a various different processes depending on the exact amount of polymerase that have or has been used. Now For the Pol 1 genes, In it Translation is stopped by using a terminal factor, through a mechanism that is very similar to rhoindependent termination sequence that includes a polykaryotic termination. Transcription of the poll III genes that end after transcribing a termination sequence that includes a polyuracil stretch, by a mechanism resembling rho-independent prokaryotic termination. The Termination of the Pol II transcripts, however, is far more complex and very complicated. The DNA has a strand which is called the Double-helix. Hybridization is the process of complementary base pairs binding which in time forms a Double-Helix. Melting is the process by which the interactions between the strands of the Double-Helix are broken, separating two nucleic acid strands. These bonds are very weak, and can easily be broken very fast. They are also easily separated by gentle heating, enzymes, or the brute force of physical force. The melting occurs sometimes at a certain point that is in the nucleic acid. T and A are the richer

The Real King Arthur essays

The Real King Arthur essays In The Once and Future King, the portrayal of the Middle Ages is conceived as that of magnificent castles, beautiful clothing, great kings and queens- everything and everyone perfect. No proof of the dirty, unjust, horrible circumstances that all people lived by- even the nobility- existed throughout the entire novel. The people and places in The Once and Future King are so backward that the story could be described as a fairy tale. Camelot, for one, would not have been so gorgeously described, and looked upon as a majestic land. Towns back then were not pretty. Dirt thrived in cities; there were diseases and crud everywhere. Camelot was also depicted as being in order, and just to everyone. Communities during the Middle Ages were not orderly. They were probably outright chaotic and unjust. As far as the king goes, he probably did not do much to help Arthur, such a great, benevolent king, would not have existed back then. A great king no doubt probably came to reign a time or two but someone who was so great, and did so many things for his kingdom and so influential would not have been formed back then. Kings during the time of The Once and Future King were mostly insane, or cruel, or just should never have been remembered. No king ever did so many things that they would have stood out so much as Arthur would have. As a queen, Guenevere, from The Once and Future King, did not fit the stereotypical-Middle-Age queen. She did not want to marry the king because she did not know him. That does not sound so absurd now-a-days, but back then if someone did not want to marry the king, you were thought of being just as crazy as the king could have been. Given the chance to marry into royalty and live, as close to as you could, easily, you would jump at it in a second. Guenevere was emotional, and had feelings, something The knight was even portrayed in a dreamla ...

Advantages and Disadvantages of Psychological Contract

Advantages and Disadvantages of Psychological Contract Outline and critically evaluate the concept of the ‘psychological contract’. Why is an understanding of the psychological contract considered to be important to the management of the contemporary employment relationship? The concept of psychological contract Introductions There are two kinds of contracts which are the formal, written economic contract as well as the euqally important, informal and unwritten psychological contract. It’s all about how people think they should be treated. Both involve rights, obligations and expectations on the part of employer and the employee. The key feature of the word ‘contracts’ is exchange in term of reward or the effort that employee puts in etc. For instance, the level of effort which employee puts in or employee’s perception can be affected by how they are being treated by the organization. A quite large research literature on the psychological contract has been produced in only a short time with the ke y players being, in the United States, Denise Rousseau (Rousseau, 1995, 2001), Schein (1980) etc. Although much of the interest in the psychological contract is recent, its roots go back a long time, it having originally been discussed by Argyris (1960). History The concept of a â€Å"psychological contract† was first coined by Argyris (1960); it refers to employer and employee expectations of the employment relationship as well as represents the mutual beliefs, perceptions and informal obligations between an employer and an employee. Expanding the concept of the contract was Schein (1980). According to Schien it may be defined as an†Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦unwritten set of expectations operating at all times between every member of an organization and the various managers and others in that organization.† More recently Rousseau and her co- workers (Robinson and Rousseau, 1994) have suggested a more specific definition of the psychological contract. According to them, the psychological contract is characterised not only by expectations, but by promissory and reciprocal obligations. When these obligations are broken, they produce more emotional and extreme reactions than weaker expectations produce feelings of disappointment. Broken obligations lead to feelings of anger and reassessment of the individual’s relationships with the organization. Content The term psychology is derived from the Greek, meaning ‘mind, spirit or soul’ and contract is that the expectations concern non- tangible, psychological issues. There are significant elements of all definitions of the psychological contract include: 1.3.1 integration of beliefs, values, expectations and aspirations of employer and employee, the beliefs of implicit promises and obligations are included, the level to which these are perceived to be met or violated and the level of trust within the relationship. 1.3.2 All the expectations must not be made explicit. It could be the implici t deal between employers and employees. Fairness and good faith are involved. 1.3.3 An significant feacture of the concept is it can be repeatedly re-negotiated, changing with an individual’s, and an organisation’s, expectations, and in shifting economic and social contexts. Yet, a snapshot of one point in time was only provided thus capturing only one stage in this social process. 1.3.4 Because it is based on individual perceptions individuals in the same organisation or job may perceive different psychological contracts, which will, in turn, influence the ways in which they perceive organisational events for instance redundancies or developing or modifying a flexitime system.

Criminology in the Future Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Criminology in the Future - Term Paper Example The methods have included research on biological and chemical measures that can deter terrorism activities. The methods have advocated for international cooperation in identifying and combating terrorism. The government exercises authority over the citizens through enactment of laws and enforcement (Ball, 2004). The crime fighting methods have changed the social policy from national and international perspectives. The law enforcement agencies and intelligence departments in the U.S assert that international cooperation is the most effective technique of fighting transnational crimes (Ball, 2004). Just six weeks after the September terrorist attacks on Twin towers of the World Trade Centre in New York, the Bush administration moved with speed to enact the Patriots Act. Basically, the Patriot Act is an acronym for (Uniting and strengthening America by providing appropriate tools required to intercept and obstruct terrorism Act of 2001). The Purpose of the Act was to detect and punish terrorists in America and around the world, enhance the crime investigative mechanisms and enforce the Act in preventing future crimes (Ball, 2004). This crime fighting technique altered the social policy form national and international perspective since it allowed for detecting and prosecution of international money laundering activities that aim at financing terrorism activities (Vacca, 2009). The Act also allowed the U.S to scrutinize foreign countries and financial institutions and international monetary transactions that are susceptible to financing criminal activities. The Act also compelled all financial institutions within the country to report any instances of potential money laundering (Ball, 2004). The Act also prevented use of the U.S financial institutions by corrupt foreigners in facilitating repatriation of illegally acquired assets to

Ismg 3000 chapter 15&16 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ismg 3000 chapter 15 - Essay Example Despite the fact that blogs have passwords to restrict data access, the passwords can still be manipulated by experts so that they are able to access the stored data. For example, when the IVK Company information system failed, the competitors of the IVK Company, took advantage of the situation and wrote in their blogs about how the IVK Company had failed to upgrade its information system security. Although IVK realized this, the company employee decided to remain silent about the issue, but instead made plans of how to be upgrading the security system regularly. IVK Company employees realized that the person who had written false information about the IVK Company was a competitor and, therefore, the employees did not confront the writer. The manager promised the employees that such a problem in the information system failure would not occur in future. The Manager of the IVK Company promised to ensure that a policy on IVK Company information system was prepared as soon as possible. T he policy would specify the kind of information that the IVK Company IT system would have to store. The IVK Company learnt a lesson because, when the information system failed, competitors utilized the information stored in the information system to spread false information about the company to the public. The manager also assured the IVK employees that the company would be purchasing the latest security systems to protect the company information. This was because; cases of hacking and attacking by virus were becoming serious and a threat to the company’s information system. The manager also revealed that the company was to use the social network such as Facebook and you tube to improve collaboration within the company (Richard 445) After the IVK Company information system collapsed, Barton and Davies, had a lot of problems trying to put the system back to normal. Not only were they to put it back, but also upgrade it so that it was secure from hackers and